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想法丨发现丨习惯丨人文品味语言了解文化

在重庆“边城”秀山县有一朵民间手传统工艺奇葩，不但没有走向消亡，反而越开越艳，这门手工艺就是龙凤花烛的制作。经历了岁月的沧桑和时代的变迁，龙凤花烛从未“熄灭”。今天来一睹重庆市非物质文化遗产龙凤花烛的风采！

秀山龙凤花烛：永不熄灭的传承

TimelessHeritage:XiushanWeddingCandle

燃花烛，在中国传统婚俗中是必不可少的环节，由于是在新人婚礼上使用，花烛大多以龙凤和花卉等图案做装饰，以表达龙凤呈祥的美好祝愿，因此这种传统婚礼使用的花烛，又被称为龙凤花烛，见证了百年间数不清的姻缘。

LightingfancycandlesisanindispensablepartoftraditionalChineseweddingcustoms.Oftenusedinweddings,suchcandlesaremostlyadornedwithpatternsofdragonsandphoenixesandflowerstoconveythegoodwishesforprosperityandauspiciousness.Therefore,havingwitnessedcountlessmarriagesincenturies,candleoftenusedintraditionalChinesewedding,isalsoknownasdragonandphoenixcandle.

花烛

史料记载，六朝时已有花烛，南朝梁代时用于新婚，在唐朝之后成为风俗，起源与周代“嫁女之家三日不熄烛以寄离思”的礼法有关，明末清初，花烛在婚嫁仪式中已有重要的作用。最初的龙凤花烛是用纸剪成龙凤和花卉的形状，在蜡油里浸过之后制成。后来，经过漫长的探索和实践，早先简单的纸花烛逐渐发展成为蜡花烛。中国民间用花烛夫妻形容明媒正娶的结发夫妻，只有点过花烛拜过堂才算是真正的夫妻，一对龙凤花烛代表着百年到老。

Accordingtohistoricalrecords,therewereweddingcandlesasearlyastheSixDynasties.TheywereusedatweddingsintheSouthernLiangDynasty(-)andbecameacustomaftertheTangDynasty(-).TheoriginisreputedlytoberelatedtotheZhouDynasty’s(BC-BC)ritualof"leavingthecandlesburningforthreedaysandnightstoexpressmissingforthemarrieddaughter".WeddingcandleshadplayedasignificantroleinthemarriageceremoniesinlateMingandearlyQingDynasties(-).Theoriginaldragonandphoenixcandlesweremadeofpapercutintotheshapesofdragons,phoenixesandflowersanddippedinwaxoil.Later,afteralongperiodofexplorationandpractice,theinitialsimplepapercandlesgraduallydevelopedintowaxcandles.TheChinesepeopleusethe“candlecouple”todescribeformallymarriedcoupleaswebelieveonlywhenlovershavelightedthecandleandperformedtheformalweddingceremonylikethreebowsandsoforth,cantheyberegardedasamanandwife.Apairofdragonandphoenixcandlesrepresentsaharmoniousunionlastingahundredyears.

如今，随着婚俗习惯的改变，许多地区的花烛手艺逐渐走向没落，而秀山龙凤花烛却凭借其在全国独树一帜的浓郁当地风格和越燃越旺的生命力在海内外大放异彩。秀山梅江古镇的陈建友师傅就是其中的代表，陈家从清代开始制烛，陈建友从17岁开始跟着爷爷学做蜡烛，继承家业，成为了第三代传人。然而这门手艺虽然能勉强补贴家用，却赚不了什么钱，陈建友去外地打过工，却身在他乡心系家乡，于是回到了秀山开始了他的花烛变革之路。

Nowadays,withthechangeofmarriagecustoms,thecandlemakingcraftinmanyareasisonthewane,butXiushanweddingcandleshinesathomeandabroadbyvirtueofitsuniquelocalstyleandgrowingvitality.ChenJianyou,amasterinMeijiangAncientTownofXiushan,makesexquisiteweddingcandles.ChensfamilybegantomakecandlesintheQingDynasty(-),andChenJianyoustartedtolearncandlemakingfromhisgrandfatherattheageof17.Heinheritedthefamilybusinessandbecamethethirdgenerationsuccessor.However,hecouldonlyscrapealivingbymakingcandles.Asaresult,ChenJianyouwentoutworkingtoearnmoremoney.YethislongingforhomemadehimdeterminetoreturntoXiushanandstartajourneyofcandlemaking.

龙凤花烛综合蜡制艺术和剪纸艺术，制作工艺十分繁复，包含十余种零部件的制作，涉及剪纸、上蜡、熔蜡、调色、浇铸、彩绘、开相这七道工序，制作花烛需要精细的手上功夫，动作要又轻又柔，老师傅形容为“捉鬼功夫”。有凤穿牡丹、金龙戏珠、龙腾祥云这几种主要的样式，其中难度最大的当属龙和凤的制作。陈师傅的花烛变革之路就在龙头的制作上遇到了困难，“不像龙头像马头”的评价让他如鲠在喉，更加努力地钻研起这门手艺，经常一做就是大半天。肯把充满蜡油气息的手，浸在时间的缸里，才能做出上好的龙凤花烛。终于，功夫不负有心人，在坚持不懈的钻研下，陈建友把龙头做活了。

Integratingbothwaxingandpaper-cutting,theproductionprocessofdragonandphoenixcandleisveryintricatewithovertenaccessoriestobemadeandsevenprocedurestobecoveredincludingpapercutting,waxing,andwaxmelting,toning,casting,paintingandcarving.Themanufactureofdragonandphoenixcandlerequiresfinehandworkandinmaster’swords,assoftandlightmovementas“ghosthunting”.Amongseveralmainstyles,suchasphoenixstrollingacrosspeonies,goldendragonplayingbeads,anddragonsoaringthroughauspiciousclouds,themostdifficultisthemakingofdragonandphoenix,whichpostsachallengetoMasterChenscandlemakingjourney.The

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